The Genesis and Presentation Essay Example for Free

The Genesis and Presentation Essay Orwells point through Winston is that those who care are insufficient on their own, a singly party state of the tyrannical nature of Ingsoc can only be overcome by a combined effort of the people: an uprising of the proles, Winston stands alone and is so crushed beneath the boot of Big Brother. Winstons shares Orwells frustration over the matter of the proletariat, Orwell felt that he could see the world letting its freedom slide into the hands of a select few, he knew that it could be stopped if only people could be convinced that they were losing their liberty. However he also felt that this decent into totalitarian control was inevitable and that the people of the world could never be persuaded to take a stand, we can see this through the words of OBrien when he is torturing Winston: The programme it sets forth is nonsense. The secret accumulation of knowledge a gradual spread of enlightenment- ultimately a proletarian rebellion- the overthrow of the Party It is all nonsense, the proletarians will never revolt, not in thousand years of a million. They cannot The rule of the party is forever, make that the starting-point for your thoughts. 18 Julia is of a similar caste to Winston, in that she represents the politicly active, however she is representative not of those who are benevolently crusading for justice and freedom, instead she represents those who rebel selfishly. She fights for her own good, for physical pleasure, not intellectual freedom as Winston does. Orwell uses her to illustrate another point: she does not require nearly so much reindoctrination at the conclusion of the novel, this is because she is not as true a political activist in Orwells mind. The point he is trying to show the reader through her existence is that those whose dissent is selfish are merely superficially seditious, and their political convictions are irrelevant. Again he shows us that those who stand alone cannot succeed against a totalitarian state. Through Julia and Winston as a pair Orwell demonises the state by showing that it destroys love. The last thing within Winston that is torn from him is his love of Julia, and it is at this point that he makes the change from Man to Shell. The last character OBrien in description seems calm, reasonable, manipulative and easy to talk to, he is glib and quick witted. He is Orwells representative of the Party, he is almost Satanic in the way that he converts and perverts those that try to battle wits with him, he is insidious in spreading the propaganda of the party and converting, then destroying those who rebel. Harbinger of pain and suffering, he is the penultimate evil and representative of all that Orwell hates. Orwell makes him out to be despicable, obviously he is psychopathic, without feeling or remorse, and his sense of morality is so twisted that it is barely recognisable as human sentiment, but Orwells technique goes further than this, he even describes him as physically ugly: There were pouches under the eyes, the skin sagged away from the cheekbones However the Authors purpose in creating OBrien is to primarily to allow him to explore the political message that he wants to write of in more detail. Whilst a generic and simplistic political message such as Totalitarian systems are bad is a relatively simple to encode into the plot of a text such as this, it is far more complex if the author wishes to discuss the specifics of politics. As Orwell was primarily an essayist he was not used to showing his beliefs in such a generalised way as a conventional political fiction would allow, so it was necessary to find a way to examine the political doctrine of a centralised economy in detail, but more than that it needed to be accessible to the average reader. It was with these needs in mind that Orwell devised OBriens role in the plot, it is his discussions with Winston over the party politics that Orwell uses to explore these concepts with the reader. When OBrien explains, it is Orwell who wants to show the reader something. For example Orwell uses OBrien to present his thesis that power is not a means, it is an end. Orwell took great pride in writing prose like a window-pane, he believed in a similar doctrine of writing to Gustave Flaubert, in that a writer should appear no more in his work than God does in nature. However where Flaubert was trying to write a realist novel, Orwells work is more naturalistic in its style. The descriptions are clipped and precise, and flowery language is not to be found within the pages of the novel. His dry, clipped style adds perfectly to the anguish he describes in his foretelling of the future. The book is primarily dominated by narrative, Orwell is only interested in Winstons conversations so far as they serve his political purpose, and outside the Ministry of Love, almost all of Winstons conversations are too censored to show any political belief whatsoever. Therefore Orwell is forced to focus his work on the thoughts of Winston to explore his political ideas. There are certain themes that Orwell uses to better portray the ideas that he wishes to explore. Primarily there is the theme of the destruction of love, Family love: between Winstons family, and between the Parsons family who live next door. Sexual love: between Julia and Winston. Platonic love: between friends. All these ideals the Party has destroyed. This is just a fairly simple way for Orwell to engender a hate for the Party in his reader, a hate which would enhance Orwells political message on the evils of totalitarianism. Other more subtle metaphors and literary methods that Orwell uses are: the glass paperweight is used to represent freedom from the Party. It is bought when Winston first begins to deviate from the Party doctrine, and it is finally smashed by the guard when Winston is captured. Here we see that the coral, like his freedom, was actually far smaller than it appeared within the glass. Through the same area of the book the Rhyme of St Clements is used by Orwell to establish a growing tension, and is symbolic of the inevitable end to Julia and Winstons affair. This happens because as one reads the text the reader doubtless remembers the full poem, knowing the final line Here comes a chopper to chop off your head, it is hard to relax as one sees its approach. This increase in tension serves Orwells political purpose he wishes to focus the reader on the helplessness before the Party that Winston and Julia are victim to, the feeling that their defeat is inevitable adds to this, and is furthered by Orwells use of the Rhyme. Above all Orwells literary methods serve to create a book that has stood as one of the greatest political writings of all time, these techniques have allowed Orwell to write a novel that is impossible to read without being changed forever. Merely skimming through the text for the sake of escapism, which surely was never Orwells purpose, it is inevitable that Orwells political beliefs will leave their mark on the reader. This novel has spawned a thousand fictions of its type, and many great works such as the novel A Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood or the film Brazil owe their lineage to the work of Orwell. More than this the ideas that his idea of language as explored in the book have influenced the English tongue forever, words such as Doublethink and Newspeak will go down in the dictionary for all time, as will an adjective that I think he would be proud of Orwellian. However the scope of influence of Nineteen Eighty-four goes beyond literature even beyond language, to the very subject on which he was commenting. Nineteen Eighty-four changed politics forever, Orwells warning, along with others of the time was indeed heeded, and humanity was diverted from a path that could easily have been as self-destructive as that described in the novel. I believe that congratulations are in order to the great man George Orwell for producing a political fiction that has eternally changed mankind, Thankyou. 19 Matt Jackson Bibliography Greenblatt, S. Three modern Satirists: Waugh, Orwell, and Huxley. C1965 Yale University Press. Orwell, G.Letter to Francis A. Henson (extract) [New York Times book review, 31st July 1949. ] [Life, 25th July 1949] Orwell, G. Politics and the English Language Horizon, April 1946 Burnham, J. The Managerial Revolution 1941; John Day Co. Orwell, G. Letter to Roger Senhouse 26th December 1948 Ranald, R. A. George Orwells 1984,1965; Monarch Press. Zamyatin, Yevgeny. We 1972 Penguin (First published in English in the USA 1924) Orwell, G. Letter to F. J. Warburg 31st May 1947 Orwell, G. Nineteen Eighty-four; 1949, Secker and Warburg Distopia [online] [cited 27/03/2002]. Available on the World Wide Web URL: http://www. geocities. com/Athens/Delphi/1634/Distopia. html Rucco, A. A Text Response Guide to George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-four. 1993 Wizard books. 1 Greenblatt, S. Three modern Satirists: Waugh, Orwell, and Huxley. (p. 66) 2 Orwell, G. Letter to Francis A. Henson (extract) [New York Times book review, 31st July 1949. ] [Life, 25th July 1949] 3 Greenblatt, S. Loc. cit. (p. 66) 4 Orwell, G. Politics and the English Language Horizon, April 1946. 5 Burnham, J. The Managerial Revolution 6 Orwell, G. Letter to Roger Senhouse 26th December 1948 7 Ranald, R. George Orwells 1984 (p. 119) 8 Zamyatin, Y. We 1972 Penguin 9 Orwell, G. Letter to F. J. Warburg 31st May 1947 10 Orwell G. Nineteen Eighty-four; 1949 11 ibid. 12 Orwell, G. Letter to Francis A. Henson; loc. cit 13 Distopia [online] [cited 27/03/2002] 14 Yea I need to dig up a couple of references here I know I am working on it; the only catch is I cannot actually remember where I read half this stuff. :(15 Orwell, G. Nineteen Eighty-four Loc. cit. 16 Ok, this idea is essentially one of my own, but it was extrapolated from a point that you made in conversation the other day, I would like to reference this if I can, any suggestions on how to do it? 17 Rucco, A. A Text Response Guide to George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-four 18 Orwell G. Nineteen Eighty-four Loc. cit. 19 Sorry I will do something about the conclusion, I know its wanky but it is 2. 30 in the morning and I think I am losing the ability to construct coherent sentences.

The Character of Daisy in Henry James Daisy Miller Essay -- Henry Jam

        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is the purpose of Daisy in the novel Daisy Miller by Henry James?   Why did James create such a beguiling and bewildering character?   Since the publication of James's novel in 1878, Daisy has worn several labels, among them "flirt," "innocent," and "American Girl."   Daisy's representation of an American Girl of the late 19th century is evident.   Her free-spiritedness and individuality reflect the social movement of the American middle-class.   The question of Daisy's innocence, however, remains unanswered.   One of the most interesting aspects about Daisy is her distance from the reader.   The reader is not given access to Daisy's inner thoughts or emotions.   Instead, the reader must observe Daisy through the limited perception of her would-be lover, Frederick Winterbourne.   Although Daisy's psyche is a mystery, her relationship with Winterbourne reveals her true purpose in the novel.   Daisy is a failed catalyst, or an agent of cha nge.   She offers Winterbourne spontaneity, freedom and love.   In other words, through daisy, Winterbourne has an opportunity to change.    But Winterbourne rejects her and thus Daisy fails as a catalyst.   Ironically, by rejecting Daisy, Winterbourne fails himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One way in with Daisy fails as an agent of change is that she is a member of the newly rich American middle-class.   Winterbourne, however, is a member of the Europeanized American class who are, as Ian F. A. Bell notes, "only slightly less 'nouveau' (newly rich) than the mercantilist Millers" (Reeve 23).   These Europeanized Americans, aptly represented by Winterbourne's aunt, reject Daisy and her family because they want to retain their higher position on the social ladder.   Ironically, Daisy Miller may have been accepted ... ...ublishers, 1990. Graham, Kenneth.   Henry James:   A Literary Life.    Houndsmills, England:   MacMillan Press Ltd. , 1995. Hocks, Richard A.   Henry James:   A Study of the Short Fiction.   Twayne's Studies in Short Fiction.   Boston:   Twayne Publishers, 1990. James, Henry.   Daisy Miller:   A Study.   The Heath Anthology of American Literature.   3rd ed. Vol. 2 Eds. Paul Lauter and Richard Yarborough.    Boston:   Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998.  Ã‚   452-92. 2 vols. Pollak, Vivian R., ed.   New Essays on Daisy Miller and The Turn of the Screw.   The American Novel Series.   New York:  Ã‚   Cambridge University Press, 1993. Reeve, N. H., ed.   Henry James:   The Shorter Fiction.    Houndsmills, England:   MacMillan Press Ltd., 1997. Scheiber, Andrew J.   "Embedded Narrations of Science and Culture in James's Daisy Miller."   College Literature 21.2   (1994):   75-88.

A Different History Analysis Essay

In the poem â€Å"A Different History† by Sujata Bhatt, the poet speaks about culture identity, the importance of language, and religion. Bhatt describes the history of India during the British colonization days, from her point of view – from the side of the oppressed. Her strong diction portrays her emotions clearly. The varied structure and tone between the two stanzas of the poem highlights the differences between the cultures and emotions she feels. Bhatt creates an impression of freedom and peace when she describes her country in the first stanza. The two lines, â€Å"Here, the gods roam freely,† â€Å"Every tree is sacred† describe the Indian culture. They represent the â€Å"old India†, before the British had conquered it. However, in the next line, the mood of the poem differs. The poet emphasizes how wrong it is to disrespect books (nature) with the repetition of the words â€Å"a sin†. It portrays a different side to the Indian culture – one with customs and rules that must be followed. Bhatt addresses her own culture, (ll. 9-14) as it could symbolize the importance of maintaining the firm and religious beliefs of the Indian culture. See more: Experiment on polytropic process Essay Towards the end of the first stanza, the poem’s tone changes into one that is very pleading. There is a distinct change from a very calm tone to an interrogative one. â€Å"You must learn how to turn the pages gently / without disturbing Sarasvati, / without offending the tree / from whose wood the paper was made.† She seems as though she is commanding, or rather begging the oppressors to tread lightly, to adjust slowly to her culture, and to learn how to be gentle with it. This is the difference between the previous lines – at first she was addressing her culture, but in these lines she is referring to the British. She uses the terms â€Å"books†, â€Å"paper†, and â€Å"wood† to refer to her culture. The â€Å"tree† represents her ancestors, and â€Å"the paper† represents the future generation. These comparisons have a strong effect; they make the reader think about the way he or she is treating nature. In the second stanza, Bhatt indents to highlight the difference between the two things she’s talking about. The first stanza talks about how precious books are and how they should be respected. It gives us an insight to India’s old culture. On the other hand, in the beginning of the next stanza, she speaks about language and the â€Å"new  India†. Bhatt begins the second stanza with rhetorical questions. â€Å"Which language / has not been the oppressor’s tongue? / Which language / truly meant to murder someone?† The poet is trying to point out that many languages become the language of a country because they were once the language of the people that conquered them. She is referring to the loss of her native language. It adds a tinge of humor and mockery, since she is already speaking in English. The poem ends with an ironic statement. â€Å"the unborn grandchildren / grow to love that strange language.† Bhatt refers to herself as the â€Å"unborn grandchildren†. After expressing her feelings of anger about the murder of her language, she still writes in English – she still grew to love the English language. Bhatt clearly expresses what she feels about her culture. She shows that even though her culture is being destroyed and left behind because of foreign conquerors, she still remembers her motherland and the roots that link her to it. Through the different structured sections, she was able to show the readers the difference in culture and feelings she has.

My Soul Is Rested The Story Of The Civil Rights Movement

Through out grade school we as the general public are presented with an extremely small amount of information on the Civil Rights Movement, that of a sample size to give us a general idea of what truly went on through out the country and the Deep South. Our foundation on the education of this historical moment is based on are these big names such as Martin Luther King Jr. or Rosa Parks, who are not only known country wide but world wide. There are hundreds, thousands, and quite possibly millions of civil rights activists who are lesser know or even known at all. In Howell Raines novel My Soul Is Rested: The Story of the Civil Rights Movement in the Deep South, Raines expressed the oral history of these lesser-known individuals and their†¦show more content†¦Take Andrew Marrisett’s story for example, he said he was driving the church bus on a Sunday and say a some 6 year old child having a K-9 dog sent on her, and as any decent human would he jumped in front of the att acking K-9 and tried to help the little girl. As a result he was then arrested and the dog was sicced onto him. Marrisett went on to tell Raines â€Å"That really was the spark. I had an interest all along, but that just took the cake-a big, burly two-hundred-and-eighty-five-pound cop siccing a trained police dog on a little girl, little black girl.† (Raines, 146) I could pick out any one activists story from this novel and point out the way they were mistreated and how that affected their involvement in this movement, no African American were treated right during this time. They were taken away in the thousands and transposed like cattle in old school busses. We are still seeing similar attentions today, 50-60 years later. Obviously not in such a large amount but there are enough cases for a march at the nations capital on December 13, 2014 where an estimated 25,000 people came together to protest the recent killings of black males by the police. Those activists in the 1900à ¢â‚¬â„¢s set an outline for marches for years to come, but it took more than just marches to get what they fought. Another popular form of protest were sit ins, which were where these colored people would go into segregated areaShow MoreRelatedMy Soul Is Rested1631 Words   |  7 PagesOption B The Civil Rights Movement in the United States refers to a set of events and reform movements in that country aimed at bringing to an end public and private acts of racial discrimination and racism against African Americans between 1954 to 1968, Whenever the civil rights is brought up there are names that almost always come to mind like Dr Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, and Rosa Parks. But there are others both black and white that participated in the movement. That are not as famousRead MoreEssay on My Soul Is Rested1383 Words   |  6 PagesMy Soul Is Rested: A Critique of Raines Work. The Civil Rights Movement in the Deep South is one that is well known and familiar to us all. 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